As the first independent minister of Zinbabwe, and later as president, Robert Mugabe pledged democracy and reconciliation.
But his hopes for independence in the 1980s plummeted into sluggish, corrupt and corrupt economies.
President Mugabe has become a critic of the West, and especially the UK, which is a former dictatorship of his own country, calling it a "nationalist.
Despite harming his political rivals and the lack of sound economic policies in the country that he once fought, he continues to gain the support of African leaders, who see him as an anti-colonial hero. ,
Robert Gabriel Mugabe was born in Rhodesia on February 21, 1924. His father was a carpenter from the Shona tribe.
He was educated in Roman Catholic schools and had the opportunity to become a teacher.
He was able to study at Fort Hare University in South Africa, where he obtained seven degrees and later taught in Ghana, where he liked the ideology of Ghana's President Kwame Nkrumah. His first wife was a Ghanaian.
In 1960, Mugabe returned to his native Rhodesia. He first worked for the African Nationalist Party with Joshua Nkomo, before eventually becoming the founder of the Zimbabwe African National Union (Zanu).
Mugabe was arrested in 1964, after delivering a speech calling the prime minister of Rhodesia of that time and his children known as "cowboys", jailed without trial for 10 years.
His nephew died while he was in custody and was denied attendance at the funeral.
Even in his incarceration until 1973, Zanu was elected president.
After his release he traveled to Mozambique where he directed command of a suicide bombing in his country. His party Zanu has teamed up with Nkomo's Zimbabwe African People's Union (Zapu).
ZANU has formed friendship with the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU).
During the negotiations for the independence of the ruthless Rhodesia, Mugabe was viewed as the most ardent aristocrat and never compromised on the demands he presented.
During a visit to London in 1976, he declared that the only way to resolve Rhodesia's problems was to use a gun.
In all the times where Zimbabwe's economy has deteriorated over the years, Robert Mugabe's political and health failures have been predictable, but he has given up hope until now.
At the same time, he seems to have gone too far with his wife's succession, leaving the military leaders who were playing in the regime withholding their support.
His health has continued to deteriorate over the years, at the age of 95, even though he has decided to run again before his government is overthrown.
Before the 2008 election, he said: "If you lose elections and people turn away from you, it's time to leave politics."
But after Morgan Tsvangirai's victory, Mr Mugabe unleashed a series of contradictions in which he vowed that 'only God' could remove him from power.
But to prove his power, he used violence.
Mr Tsvangirai, in an effort to protect his supporters, resigned from the second round, but Mr Mugabe was forced to take over as Tsvangirai's successor and continued to rule since 1980.
One of Mr. Mugabe's greatest achievements was the war of the 1970s.
Robert Mugabe's biography in brief
- 1924: Year of birth
- He was trained as a teacher
- 1964: Rhodesia government jailed
- 1980: He wins the post-independence referendum
- 1996: Marries Grace Marufu
- 2000: Fails to win referendum on presidential power and deprives Europeans of farmland
- 2008: Votes in the first round of elections against Tsvangirai, who withdraws because of attacks on his supporters
- 2009: Tsvangirai inaugurates prime minister during economic downturn
- 2016: Loans are introduced as the shortage of bills increases
- 2017: He sacked his longtime deputy Emmerson Mnangagwa
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